Development of E-Modules on Basic Subjects of Electricity and Electronics

; This study aims to produce an electronic module based on a self-directed learnin g learning model that is Valid, Practical and Effective. So that it can help students learn independently and understand the basic theory of Electricity and Electronics. This research is a research and development (R&D) study that refers to the ADDIE instructional development model. The stages in the ADDIE development procedure are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Research Results based on the assessment of 77% material expert validators and 82% media experts, the developed electronic modules are valid. Based on the response of 83% of teachers and 84% of students, the electronic modules developed have high practicality. The results of effectiveness are known from increasing students' theoretical understanding and testing the effectiveness of the material tested with quite effective results with an N-Gain value of 62%.


INTRODUCTION
The development of communication technology that facilitates all access in all fields, especially in the field of education. Education is not far from the face-to-face activities of educators and students who are aware of infrastructure, educator competence, media and student enthusiasm. According to  said that learning activities are a process of observing the environment and providing good action for oneself. (Dantas, 2020) also says that activities that involve a process, income and output to produce something are called the learning process. Student learning outcomes are influenced by learning activities (Arsyad, 2016). In the implementation of the learning process according to (Ekayani, 2017) to create good results, good educators, students, material objectives, supporting sapras and evaluations are needed. SMK is a vocational school that must have more competence and different values. The competencies in question are specific competencies that must be possessed that are different from other schools. This competency is in the form of hard skills that will be useful in life that supports work in the business world and industry. SMK students create outputs that directly work in their fields. Basically, SMK is more concerned with vocational and is required to master the field of competence taken, therefore in SMK carry out Job Field Practice (PKL) activities in the business world and the industrial world as a form of supporting the improvement of competence from the expertise taken. Student skills are influenced by teachers, teachers play an important role in improving the quality and quality of education. The learning carried out is effective, creative and fun, so students are interested in learning so as to achieve good learning outcomes. However, there are still many obstacles in this achievement, this is stated by (saragih, 2017). SMK in the learning process is synonymous with practice that uses a lot of the Project Base Learning model and also the teacher is used as the main figure as the driving force with the teacher-centered learning model where the teacher directly provides knowledge (Sofyan, 2010). In the transfer of knowledge effectively and efficiently, the right media is needed. According to Edgar Dale (Vienna Sanjaya, 2008) the media helps students form an experience. Students who acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes with good conditions through a person or material used are called media. The technological era of the industrial revolution 4.0 the learning process is required to use IT-related media to create effectiveness. As stated by (BNSP, 2010) that educators are required to utilize and combine various media in creating effective and efficient learning. Interesting media is certainly needed for media development as media innovation. According to (shanmugan, 2019) states that the delivery of teachers in providing learning materials should be by developing media. Good media produces good results. Modules can be used as media but are manual but if developed with technology it is called an electronic module (hashim, 2018). Based on the results of researchers' observations at SMKN 6 Bungo in 2022 SMKN 6 Bungo has Lima Expertise competencies, namely Industrial Electronics Engineering, Multimedia, Fashion, Culinary and Beauty Management. Because the researcher teaches in the Department of Industrial Electronics Engineering and Multimedia, the researcher focuses on the problems in TEI in the subject of Basic Electricity and Electronics (DLE) because many students graduate on practical competencies but fail in theoretical learning. From the results of interviews with DLE teachers , it was explained to researchers that the use of electronic modules has not been used. due to the limitations of learning media but only using print modules that can be used. Mrs. Dinda Emilia Triyanti, S.Pd waka curriculum: "At this time, no teacher of SMK Negeri 6 Bungo uses E-Module as a learning medium. Teachers usually only use regular modules that are downloaded on the internet or use library books only. And there are also teachers who use videos and power points in the learning process at SMK Negeri 6 Bungo". (Dinda Emilia Triyanti, S.Pd) In addition, dinda's mother also said: "The need for the development of the latest media for effectiveness and efficiency in the learning process, especially for productive subjects". (Dinda Emilia Triyanti, S.Pd) In addition to Waka curriculum, DLE Subject Teacher Mr. Harkatun Ganexa, S.Pd stated in a direct interview that students are more interested in practicum in labor than in learning theory in class and students master practicum skills more. So as to make the theoretical value of students in theory have a low value but a high practice value. The development of e-modules was also not carried out at SMK Negeri 6 Bungo as said by Mr. Harkatun Ganexa, S.Pd. "The problem that usually occurs is that the value of practice is higher than the value of knowledge. And for the development of e-modules in the Department of Industrial Electronics Engineering has never been implemented". (Harkatun Ganexa, S.Pd) Based on the Final Ujian value of D asar Listrik and Electronics shows a low value of material comprehension while when compared to the practicum value obtained by students is higher. Based on the above problems, using the right media allows solving these problems. The use of media that utilizes technology such as modules that are used as electronic modules. So that the module is called multimedia which consists of writing, video, sound, simulation and online exam link features. According to research (Pratama, 2019) on the development of effective, valid and feasible multimedia products that have been tested. When compared to previous research, it is much different because the media development used is online and only uses a laptop. Meanwhile, the research that the author did was biased in online and offline access, with various forms of formats such as SWF, Exe, Html. As well as exams conducted online using google forms. Electronic modules as an active and effective medium so that students are excited about learning (admaja). The development of electronic modules that can be accessed online and offline using laptops, computers, and smartphones is a medium that is in line with the needs of students in increasing the value of theoretical material competition. So based on this, researchers conduct research on the development of E-Modules (electronic modules).

Paired Sampel Correlation
In the first output a correlation or relationship is obtained between the pretest value and the posttest value. From the results of this test, a signification value of 0.00 and smaller than 0.05 (0.00 < 0.05) was obtained, so it was stated that there was a relationship between the pretest value and the posttest value. The calculation output results obtained in the table below.

Gain Score Effectiveness Test
After it is known that the data on pretest and posttest learning outcomes have differences, the Gain Score is tested for the effectiveness of learning outcomes in the use of e-modules. Data processing carried out at the Gain Score effectiveness test stage is carried out by calculations using

Improved Student Learning Outcomes
From the results of the E module, there is an increase in student learning outcomes, namely students' understanding of knowledge of the theory of basic learning of electricity and electronics. The results of increasing understanding of this theory can be seen from the results of evaluations at 4 meetings using the developed emodule. At the end of each meeting, students are given evaluation questions to measure students' understanding of the material being taught.

Figure 4.5. Graph of Improving Student Material Comprehension
From the graphic data, there is an increase in theoretical understanding of the material tested on each student from the first meeting to the fifth meeting with the application of the basic e-module of electricity and electronics. The average increase in theory of student learning materials.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the study are DLE e-module products that students use independently with the help of smartphone or computer or laptop access devices. This e-module was developed to be used in accordance with the syllabus at SMK N 6 Bungo class X Industrial Electronics Engineering Even semester. The development of e-modules in DLE subjects at SMKN 6 Bungo on the results of field observations carried out aims at the development of this e-module in order to improve theoretical understanding of the learning material with learning carried out as a provision for understanding that students will bring in practicum learning.

E-Module Product Development
The development of this learning e-module is designed according to the needs and problems in the research, researchers explore the problems contained in the field that include all components and look for solutions to problems that are considered to be able to solve these problems. Peneliti determines the development of learning media that are considered to be able to solve the existing land problem, namely developing the DLE e-module. The development of this DLE e-module uses the ADDIE development method. The initial stage carried out in the development of this e-module is the analysis stage where in this stage of analysis there are stages of analysis of needs, curriculum and character. Needs analysis is aimed at looking at the initial problem and is found in the classroom on dle subjects. With this needs analysis, hope, alternative problem solving and fact descriptions are obtained that facilitate the selection of media to be developed. At this stage, an alternative problem solution is obtained, namely by floating the DLE module, which is considered by researchers to be biased in solving the problems found. The next stage of analysis is carried out curriculum analysis with the aim of selecting the material used. This curriculum analysis process has been adjusted to the existing curriculum at the research location which will be carried out by adjusting the subject curriculum. The syllabus of DLE subjects present in industrial electronics engineering is used in the analysis of the syllabus. Furthermore, analyze the character to find out how the character of the learners such as background, attention, motivation, abilities, and skills that students already have. After all this analysis is done then the researcherscan design the E-Module. then the creation of E-Modules is expected to be able to have a good impact on the learning process. Furthermore, in this development, researchers carry out the Design stage for material development and question exercises. The learning that will be applied is in the form of learning that utilizes teaching materials to learn independently. After the teaching material development stage is carried out, the researcher makes a preliminary design of the e-module prototype which will be used as test material for the development product.

Validation of the Eligibility of Material and Media Content
The test results in thecalculation analysis with the formula Aiken's V. On the calculation analysis table 4.6. with an average of each material validation of 0.77, while in table 4.8. Validation Calculation Analysis MEDIA 0.82. With the results of each aspect as follows.  Of the two aspects of media validation in in terms Meanwhile, . the category of valid directed learning -self of aspects of learning, material content, conformity with , design and language. So the electronic module developed is feasible and valid models from the aspect of material content and learning media.

E-module Product Practicality
After the product is declared valid in terms of material and media, it is continued with trials with a self-directed learning learning model on the subject of the research conducted. The process is carried out to obtain Practicality data. The data is filled in by students and teachers to find out their assessment of the developed E-Module. Analysis of student responses 84 and 83 based on teacher responses can be seen in Table 4.3. If the results obtained from the respondents' responses are compared with the interval of practicality calculations carried out, the electronic modules developed are in the The results of the study are in category of high practicality. ticality of electronic the prac that Fardani's opinion (2019) accordance with teachers and is measured from testing questionnaire instruments in modules also said that media validation is seen from user responses Hamid (2020) students. by teachers and students.

E-module Product Trials
Overall students are biased towards using e modules at home and at school independently. Testing by using One Group Pretest Posttest comparison before and after using the application. Rachmawati (2020), stated that her research was to test the application of electronic module development with good results. Hasil evaluation of the effectiveness of electronic modules is known by looking at improving students' understanding of learning materials and comparing pretest from the application of developed electronic modules. was also used by Ulyana (2019) in her e calculation analysis scor Gain -The use of N research to measure the effectiveness of understanding student material in learning using the learning media tested. The results obtained are in accordance with those , (2020) in his research to obtain the effectiveness of the use of obtained by Diansah electronic modules from the results of increasing student understanding of the material.

Application of Self Directed Learning Learning Model
Learning is applied when the learning process is carried out by teachers and students. The role of the teacher in this learning model is to explain the objectives in the initial learning before the self-directed learning model so that students can know the goals to be achieved before the learning process is carried out. Inthis learning, teachers must be able to create a positive and conducive environment so that students can carry out learning well. The role of teachers in monitoring the continuity of student learning in learning is important in the implementation of good learning. In the monitoring process carried out by teachers on the continuity of student learning independently, in this study teachers used Whatsapp group media to monitor independent learning students outside of school so that teachers could easily provide information and getinformation from students. In the self-directed learning model, students are asked to do independent learning by utilizing DLE e-modules developed using accessing devices such as smartphones and computers and laptops. Students are asked to take advantage of all the facilities in the e-module for the continuity of learning carried out such as videos, animations, sounds, text and also images. Students are also required to be able to develop their ability to utilize other learning resources that can be used so that learning is not monotonous sourced from the developed e-modules alone. The self-evaluation feature is also used by students to measure the extent to which students are in understanding in the learning carried out.

CONCLUSION
The conclusions of this study are: 1. The DLE e-module with the resulting Self-directed Learning model is valid with a Learning media value of 82% and the content / material aspect of the e-module 77%. So the results of the study show that the validation of the DLE e-module with the Self-directed Learning model is in a valid aspect of the content of the material and learning media. 2. DLE e-module with Self directed Learning model which is produced practically based on teacher and student responses. Based on student responses, 84% % based on teacher responses with with high practicality categories and 83 cticality categories. high pra 3. The DLE e-module with the self directed learning model is enough to increase understanding of DLE learning materials in Industrial Electronics Engineering with an n-gain score test result of 0.62 and is included in the category of % of 62 quite effective and there is an increase in student understanding by in is used module -modules. So the bias e -the results of learning trials using e the learning process