Disiplin sebagai Praktik Ibadah Sosial: Memaknai Interaksi dan Peraturan di Pesantren dalam Kerangka Maqashid Syariah

Abstract

This study re-examines the concept of discipline within Islamic boarding  schools  (pesantren)  by  framing  it  not  merely  as  a regulatory mechanism but as a form of social worship (ibadah). Conducted  at  Ponpes  Ar-Roudlhotul  Ilmiyah  in  Nganjuk, Indonesia, the research investigates how interactions between female mentors (musyrifah) and students (santriwati), alongside institutional  regulations,  are  internalized  and  practiced. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through  in-depth  interviews,  participant  observation,  and documentary analysis. The findings reveal that the patterns of interaction ranging from one-way guidance to multi-directional and  circular  communication serve  as  a  practical  medium  for instilling discipline. This disciplinary practice is then analytically framed within the higher objectives of Islamic law (Maqashid Syariah).  The  study  argues  that  the  disciplined  routines  and social  compliance  observed  are  not  ends  in  themselves  but function  to  preserve  and  nurture  five  essential  human necessities: religion (hifz al-din), the self (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-'aql), progeny (hifz al-nasl), and wealth (hifz al-mal). The research  concludes  that  discipline  in  this  context  transcends mere  punishment  and  reward;  it  is a  spiritually  and  socially oriented  process  aimed  at  cultivating  pious  individuals  who contribute  to  a  harmonious  society,  thereby  positioning  the pesantren as a vital institution for actualizing the holistic aims of Islam in the modern world.